Paulo Afonso is a city in Bahia, Brazil. It was founded in 1958.
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paulo Afonso.
The city is served by Paulo Afonso Airport.
The municipality contains part of the Raso da Catarina ecoregion.
The municipality holds part of the 26,736 hectares (66,070 acres) Rio São Francisco Natural Monument, which protects the spectacular canyons of the São Francisco River between the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex and the Xingó Dam.
It contains part of the 104,842 hectares (259,070 acres) Raso da Catarina Ecological Station, created in 2001.